CUuaru itf

Ella Smith Elbert

JitJltauumum

Zptherine Conan

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2014

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CONTENTS.

The Sea Fight, by Rev. E. Davis,

Noah Worcester, by W. Chanmng, M. D. - {Jg

» In time of Peace prepare for War," by the Editor, - - " - " " gH
On the Education of Children for War, by J. F. Erving, M. D. - - - - JW
The Inipietv of the Military, by Rev. SamuelJ. May, -

William Perm, by P. S. Duponceau, L. L. D. - jjj
Universal Brotherhood, - - - - - - " " " " 1ir

Letter from Juniper Hedgehog, to Elihu Burritt, ------- 110

Extract of a Letter from Oxford, Eng. -

Friendly International Addresses, - -

Peace Movements Abroad, - -- -- -- - ~ ~ 197

Peace Movements at Home, - - - -

ADVOCATE OF PEACE,

AND UNIVERSAL BROTHERHOOD,

Vol. L MAY, 1846. No. V.

THE SEA FIGHT.

BY REV. E. DAVIS.

Note. The naval battle between the United States, Com. Decatur, and the Mace-
donian, Capt. Cardon, was fought on a beautiful Sabbath morning in Oct 1812. The bat-
tle was obstinate and bloody, but resulted, according to the sanctified language of war,
in " a splendid victory" on the side of the United States.

The clear blue heavens were bent above,

The light waves danced below,
Where a war-ship sternly, proudly flung

Defiance at her foe.

That foe as proudly, sternly hurled

The murderous challenge back,
And swept, like lightning, to the charge,

Upon her gleaming track.

And shameless, on each vessel's deck,

A priest kneels down to pray
That God will wing their bolts with death,

And speed them on their way.

See ! see ! war's vivid lightnings flash,

His deep, hoarse thunders roll,
While curses loud are vollied forth,

And hate knows no control,

And mortal cries of agony —

The stifled, dying prayei-,
And bitter tears, and groans, and blood,

Are all commingled there.

4 Tis done. The storm of iron hail ^

Sweeps their broad decks no more ;
Cleaved, throbbing human hearts have ceased,

Their fountains warm to pour.

Those mighty ships, that, giant-like,

The mountain waves could leap,
Like thunder-riven sepulchres,

Lie helpless on the deep.
OLD SERIES, VOL. VII. 8

106

NOAH WORCESTER.

And this is glory ! Far and wide,
Fame's echoing trump is heard ;

And lo ! with fevered, frenzied joy,
A nation's pulse is stirred:

And e'en the very church of Christ

Takes up the hateful cry,
And shouts her praise for victory,

Up to the peaceful sky.

Nor she alone ; — through all their deeps,

The fiery hosts of hell
Howl peans to the God of war,

Whose work they love so well.

NOAH WORCESTER.

BY WALTER CHANNING, M. D.

The readers of the Advocate cannot but be grateful to its Editor, for
the beautiful print of this early and late friend of Peace, which stands at
the head of the last number, and those who are not subscribers would at
once become so, could they but look upon that beautiful face. The spirit
of Peace, the dove from heaven, has found its home there, and you see
that it will never be scared away. What so firm, what so immovable as
this principle of Peace ! It is the victory over self, over the brutal, over
the satanic. It is the conqueror over the world of the human heart. It
says to it, and to him who has it, " be of good cheer, )ou have overcome
the world." But not only is the reign of Peace, when perfect, an estab-
lished monarchy ; it is full of gentleness in its mighty rule. It is the wis-
dom from above. It is the placable, the loving Jesus ! It is the divine
manifested in the human. It is the spiritual illumining the corporeal. It
is noble because it is just. It gives true nobility, true grandeur to the
countenance, as it invests the soul with genuine nobility. See it as it
lives, faintly, indeed, but truly, in that transcript of the face of our friend.
You see that such a man was just, as well as merciful. You see that his
great reason, his infinite con:-eience, gave in subjection to him the poor,
the infirm, the uncertain, and replaced them all by that silent, loving
energy, which has place in the agencies, the unerring agencies of the uni-
verse of God! Who would not give in his willing, his cheerful adhesion
to a principle which can transform a man into an angel of light ? Which
in its rapturous power can fill the soul with love, and recognise in man
the child of a heavenly Father, the disciple of his Son, the heir of an
Lea < nl) inheritance !

NOAH WORCESTER. 107

The cause of Peace is the cause of God. Those who make or pre-
serve it are his children. "What an adoption ! And upon how noble a
principle ! Would that men would understand the whole meaning of that
scripture which teaches that doctrine. For what i3 its converse ? What
is war? It is separation from God. It is the denial and the destruction
too of the paternal relation with the infinite Father. It drives men, it
takes them, out of their Father's house. Does it not take from them his
love ? Dreadful is the thought which thus lies in close approximation to,
if not in the fact of, this moral aberration from the Divine. Do men
feel this in its terrible force and truth ? Does the temporary government
of this country understand what is its responsibleness when it makes public
preparation for that which separates the child from his Father, the man
from his God ! What infinite woes are denounced upon him who taketh
the sword ? How terrible that bereavement which war makes ! It is an
open grave for him who in the fullest health might live for the service
and love of God and of man. It is the winding sheet of thousands who
die out of the ordinary appointment of God, and compared to which the
j approaches of death in all other forms are merciful. When will be that
time when the reign of individual and of world-wide love shall take the
I place of this personal and universal hate ? When will government and
| people resting on Christianity, as the exponent of all humanity, be the
i acknowledged element of all that is noble in enterprise, grand in accom-
plishment,— worthy of the hearty honor of man, and sure of the aproba-
tion of God ! What grander, what more noble, what more deserving in-
I finite reverence and love, than the manifestation of divine principles in
human word and in human act? Peace is the complement of them all. It
is their sole condition; it forms their very self.

Let us give to this great cause our hearts, our minds, our lives. Let
us look with love and with holy awe upon the speaking memorials of those
who have been its fast friends in their lives, and in whose death its power
had perfect place. See it living in Wilberforce, and in Clarkson, abroad,
— in Worcester, in Ladd, — in Tuckerman and in Ware at home. Apostles
of peace ! who does not honor you in remembrance of your heroic lives,
1 — in the conquest you made over the evil in yourselves, and in the world ?
Visit us from the mansions of Peace which are now yours, and in smiles,
and in great speech, bid us, too, to be of good cheer. We feel that we
are ever in the presence of the Infinite. Are we not still the companions
of his glorified children ! we would live here on the earth, God's earth,
as if in heaven. We would pray for its sanctification, its redemption, its
present, its everlasting Peace !

108 "IN time of peace prepare for war."

"IN TIME OP PEACE PREPARE FOR WAR."

BY THE EDITOR.

Few maxims, human or divine, have commanded such veneration of
Christian Governments, as the one that heads this article. To such an
extent have Great Britain, France, and the United States followed the
teachings of this doubtful proverb, that their preparations for war in time
of peace, cost more than the entire profits of their united commerce. As
the venerable name of Washington is made to father this maxim, let us
refer to him as the true expounder of it, during his administration. Let
us see how he " prepared for war in time of peace." When that illustri-
ous man acceded to the Presidency, the country had just emerged from a
long, wasting war. The age was warlike, and the moral power of com-
merce, and of international intercourse facilitated by steam, had hardly
come to be felt as a ligament of brotherhood between nations. The dem-
ocratic principle had hardly been acknowledged as a fixed fact in human
government ; and was never more exposed to be crushed out of existence,
under the heel of European despotism, than during the first years of
American independence. The people were peeled and few, and scattered
over a vast territory. They numbered scarcely four millions, young and
old, bond and free. Powerful tribes of disaffected Indians surrounded
the republic with a cordon of dangerous foes. If military defences ren-
der a nation secure from foreign invasion : or if a nation is most exposed
when least able or prepared to resist a foe, then at no period of our na-
tional existence should there have been greater preparations for war in
time of peace, than during the administration of Washington. And we
may assume that none could have been more deeply impressed with the
importance of such preparations, than he and his compatriots of the Rev-
olution. Nor can we suppose they withheld a dollar in their expendi-
tures for this purpose, from any reluctance of the people to vote adequate
defences for their country. We have no reason to believe that the Gov-
ernment under him would have appropriated a larger sum to the Army
and Navy, if its revenue equalled that of the present time. How did he
" prepare for war in time of peace," so precarious ? During the eight
years of his administration, and while surrounded by perils which have
long since ceased to exist, the whole amount appropriated to the Military
and Naval Establishments, was $10,925,470. This sum, in his view, met
all thi necessties of preparing for war in time of peace. He asked no
more to put the country in an attitude of defence, at a time when it was
most exposed to invasion, if the principle be true, that a nation is most
exposed when least able to resist.

ON THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN FOR WAR. 109

Xow let us turn to another chapter of our national history, and see how
this maxim, attributed to Washington, has been carried out. During the
eight years ending with 1843, a period of profound peace in the civilized
world, this Government expended 8163,336,717 on the Military and Na-
val Establishments ! ! ! Taking the average population of the country
during these eight years, it must have been nearly 16,000,000 — four
times the number of the people under "Washington's administration. Can
his example, then, sustain the present course of this Government in pre-
paring for war in time of peace ? Is a rapidly increasing population an
element of weakness ; or is a country more exposed to invasion in pro-
portion as the number of its men and means for defence increases ? It
would seem so from the course of our Government ; for while the popu-
lation of the country has multiplied itself by four, the appropriations for
their defence have been multiplied by sixteen ! — thus $10,000,000 for a
population of four millions, and $160,000,000 for a population of sixteen
millions, during a period of eight years. At this ratio, when the people
of this country shall number sixty-four millions, then the appropriations
for their defence, for eight years, will amount to $2560,000,000 ! ! ! Is
it not time for the people to think of these things ? E. B.

ON THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN FOR WAR.

BY J. F. ERTING, M. D.

I apprehend that there is a radical defect in the. education of children
in respect to the subject of Peace and War. I mean Common School
Education. "We as individuals may advocate the cause of Universal
peace. We may deprecate War, as the greatest calamity which can be-
fall a nation, as well as being heinously wicked. We may denounce the
policy of the heavy expenditures, which this nation annually makes, to
foster and support a system which has drenched this Earth with human
blood, and which has raged and scourged the human family to an extent,
which the most malignant, and indeed every pestilence recorded on the page
of history, can scarcely be considered as parallel ; and yet we permit
principles to be infused into the minds of our children, in their common
school education, which go directly to foster and nurture the spirit of
War.

This fact may seem incredible, but I shall endeavor (though feebly it
may be,) to sustain the position here assumed. I do it for the purpose
of directing attention to this subject, in order that a change in the re-
10*

110

ON THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN FOR WAR.

spect to which I shall presently allude, in the common school education
of children may be introduced.

I think that all will agree with me, that in the mental training of
children, if we wish to increase or develop a certain faculty of the mind,
we may do so by presenting to the mind ideas or sentiments congenial to
that faculty, in as interesting and attractive a form as we can ; while, at
the same time, we withhold chose of an opposite character, or at most
permitting the mind to receive them only in their most repulsive aspect ;
in other words retarding an opposite developement. The mind of youth
is of such a plastic nature as to be susceptible of a great degree of cul-
tivation, of change, if the discipline is applied early, before the charac-
ter is irretrievably fixed —

" Just as the twig is bent, the tree 's inclined."

If we wish to instil the principles of Peace into the minds of children,
we must present them in their most attractive forms — dwell upon the pleas-
ure, the loveliness of peace and harmony, not only among kindred and
friends, but among nations and mankind at large, — of cultivating a kind,
a conciliatory and forgiving disposition, for any real or imaginary wrongs,
which we may receive at the hands of others, — and also by diverting their
attention from the " pomp and circumstance of war." When the subject of
war is presented to their minds, let it be in its true light which of course
is a most repulsive aspect. Let them see thousands — yea, millions of hu-
man beings, like themselves, possessed of immortal spirits which are to
rive forever, either in bliss or woe, and who one day are to stand before
the bar of the Eternal Judge, then and there to receive their final destiny
— mown down on the battle field, their bodies weltering in the purple
gore, which drenches with a crimson flood this fair Earth. Let them see
the mangled limbs, — the ghastly wounds, — the bleeding corpses. Let
them hear the groans, the wailings of anguish and woe, as they ascend to
Heaven from the lips of the victims of the insatiable monster War.

But is this the way that the subject is presented to children ! I appre-
hend not. Few if any children attend lectures or addresses on the subject
of Peace, which are occasionally delivered to the public, and are calculat-
ed more generally for adults than children. Few have acess to, or peruse
the newspapers and journals devoted to this subject ; but almost all attend
common schools, especially the children of New England, and they are
furnished with the elementary books of education. Do these inculcate
the principles of Peace or War ? In Mitchell's School Geography, a
popular work, and one that is extensively used in the common schools of
New England, out of forty-six pictures illustrative of the Geography of the
United States, thirteen are battles scenes or pictures of a warlike charac-

ON THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN FOR WAR. Ill

ter. What is the ligitimate effect of presenting so much war to the minds
of children ! Is it not to fill them with a thirst for martial glory 1 At
least it attracts their attention to the " pomp and circumstance of war." —
These are so presented that instead of creating in their minds a disgust
for war, they are calculated to fascinate and charm. I do not directly
condemn the book alluded to, but wish to call attention to the fact. I
suppose the author, like most other authors, wishing to make their pro-
ductions popular, endeavor to render them attractive.

Such being the case with Geography, what is the character of History
— elementary History, written expressly for the young and used in com-
mon schools ! We all know that they are but accounts of battles, war9,
and bloodshed. These events are singled out in history to the neglect
and exclusion of almost every other fact, and dressed up in the most at-
tractive garb, and thus presented to the susceptible minds of children in
a manner that cannot fail to create in them a thirst for martial glory, and
familiarize them with scenes of bloodshed, carnage, and rapine, which
viewed in any other light, would make them recoil and shudder at the
bare suggestion. Where such ideas, when presented to the youthful
mind, do not have the effect alluded to at once, (for all minds are not
alike, an idea or sentiment will be readily imbibed by one mind, which
another instinctively recoils from,) yet by the daily study of them they
finally produce these effects.

" Vice is a monster of so frightful mien,
As, to be hated, needs hut to be seen ;
Yet seen too oft, familiar with her face,
We first endure, then pity, then embrace."

Another grand influence which is thrown in the way of children and
youth, and which tends much to the formation of their characters, and is
in fact but a branch of education, are the popular tales and poetry con-
tained in the fashionable magazines and periodicals of the day. How
large a share of these are battle scenes — skirmishes, stratagems, exploits
of danger, and " hair-breadth 'scapes" from a hostile foe, all of which are
done up in the most fascinating and alluring style, — all of which are de-
voured with a greedy avidity, which no precept of morality, religion or
brotherly love has ever been able to command and which goes directly
to create in the minds of youth a thirst, an ardent longing for martial
glory and for deeds of renown !

If a " Tale of the Revolution" is told, nine cases out of ten, it is a tale
of blood — of battle — of military glory. I am not disposed to detract one
iota from the glory and honor of the heroes of that noble achievement.
I rejoice in the fact that Revolutionary blood runs in my veins, but I do

112

THE IMPIETY OF THE MILITARY.

not deem it necessary in order to impress upon the minds of our children the
cost of that priceless boon, inherited from our ancestors, that they should
be told only of the achievements of battle. Nor am I disposed to banish
Geography and History from our common schools, but would that our
children should be made more familiar with both branches of study.
Let the Geography give an exact description of our country — of all coun-
tries, and where it is embellished let the embellishments be of a charac-
ter that will illustrate the beauty — the loveliness of peace and universal
brotherhood. Let the Historian faithfully record the events of past time
— dwell upon the happiness and prosperity of nations when at peace, and
when war is introduced, as it necessarily must be, let it be in its true light,
— its true character, which will not be such as will charm like the ser-
pent with its glowing colors before it strikes its deadly poisonous blow.

THE IMPIETY OP THE MILITARY.

BY REV. SAMUEL J. MAY.

There is no assumption on earth, which so boldly sets itself up above
God, as the assumption of military commanders. They require of those
who have submitted themselves, or who have been subjected by force to
their authority — they require of them implicit obedience. Safer is it for
a soldier to disobey all the laws of God, than to disregard the commands
of the military chieftain. No soldier is allowed to have a will or a con-
science of his own. He must do what he is ordered to do, whether he
thinks it right or wrong. No trait of character would be more trouble-
some to a soldier, or more likely to hinder his rise in the profession, than
a tender conscience, that impelled him to scrutinize the commands of his
superiors. And yet how many of those commands contravene the com-
mandments of God. " Thou shalt not kill," saith the Most High ; but
murder is the specific work of soldiers, to which if they go not voluntarily,
they are spurred by the bayonet. " Recompense to no man evil for evil,"
<( avenge not yourselves." But the very object of an army is to make
reprisals upon an offending party, — to take such vengeance for real or sup-
posed injuries, that they shall not be respected. " If thine enemy hunger
feed him ; if he thirst give him drink." — But says the military law of our
country, if you do so — if you comfort an enemy — you shall be adjudged
guilty of high treason, and punished accordingly.

Such is the training, by which men are converted into soldiers. Such
is the machinery by which masses of human beings are compacted into

WILLIAM PENN.

113

a great instrument of war, and wielded to accomplish its purpose, the
destruction of human life, and scattering of ruin and desolation over a
land at the will of those daring mortals, by whom the dread instrument
is directed.

He who voluntarily enlists in an army, sells himself — body and soul
— to be clothed and fed and sheltered and transported and used and
abused just as others may see fit. He consents to be a slave, during the
term of his enlistment — at the expiration of which, there is danger,
he will be fit for nothing else. " The slavery of the soldier," said Dr.
Franklin, " is worse than the slavery of the negro.*' He who is com-
pelled by the law of his country to enter the army or navy, is violently
reduced to this state of bondage.

Since I have thought so much as I have done on war — I cannot see a
man rigged out in the livery of our army, but I say to him in my heart
— you are doomed, my brother, — a victim to be crushed, mentally and
morally, if not bodily, under the car of our Juggernaut. And the music
of the military bands sounds in my ear like the noises that are made on
various instruments, at the worship of the pagan idols, to drown the
shrieks of the human sacrifices.

Syracuse, N. Y.

WILLIAM PENN.

BY P. S. DUPONCEAU, L. L. D.

William Penn stands first among the lawgivers whose names and deeds
are recorded in history, Shall we compare with him Lycurgus, Solon,
Romulus, those founders of military commonwealths, who organized their
citizens in dreadful array against the rest of their species, taught them to
consider their fellow men as barbarians, and themse! ves as alone worthy
to rule over the earth ? What benefit did mankind derive from their
boasted institutions ? Interrogate the shades of those who fell in the
mighty contests between Athens and Lacedasmon, between Carthage and
Eome, and between Rome and the rest of the universe. But see our
William Penn, with weaponless hands, sitting down peaceably with his
followers in the midst of savage nations, whose only occupation was shed-
ding the blood of their fellow-men, disarming them by his justice, and
teaching them, for the first time, to view a stranger without distrust.
See them bury their tomahawks in his presence, so deep that man shall
Dever be able to find them again. See them under the shade of the thick
groves of Coaquannock extend the bright chain of friendship, and solemn-
ly promise to preserve it as long as the sun and moon shall endure. See
him then with his companions establishing his commonwealth on the sole

114 UNIVERSAL BROTHERHOOD.

basis of religion, morality, and universal love, and adopting, as the fun-
damental maxim of his government, the rule handed down to us from
Heaven, " Glory to God on high, and on earth peace, and good will to
men."

Here was a spectacle for the potentates of the earth to look upon, an
example for them to imitate. But the potentates of the earth did not see,
or if they saw, they turned away their eyes from the sight ; they did not
hear, or if they heard, they shut their ears against the voice which called
out to them from the wilderness,

Discite justitiam raoniti, et non temnere Divos.

The character of William Penn alone sheds a never-fading lustre up-
on our history. No other state in this union can boast of such an illus-
trious founder ; none began their social career under auspices so honora-
ble to humanity. Every trait of the life of that great man, every fact
and anecdote of those golden times, will be sought for by our descendants
with avidity, and will furnish many an interesting subject for the fancy
of the novelist, and the enthusiasm of the poet.

UNIVERSAL BROTHERHOOD.

We propose to fill this department of the Advocate with the correspondence of the friends
of peace on both sides of the Atlantic. The interchange of friendly communications is
one of the strongest elements of peace and amity between the two nations ; and we hope
that every vessel that arrives from, or leaves for, an English port, will bear to old and new
made friends thousands of these messages of good will. Every letter received and answer-
ed, breathing this spirit, is worth more for the security of each country against war, than a
"regiment of horse," as Corporal Trim would say. It is a blessed thing for the world that
the Anglo-Saxon race, however scattered over the earth, speak now and will speak forever
one language. This circumstance in itself devolves upon them the duty to lead the way
in fraternizing the whole family of man. That the niggard idea of "natural enmity"
might be perpetuated between the French and English, is nothing surprising, when not one
in a hundred of them can either read or write each other's language. But the thought of
war between Englishmen and Americans, is at war itself with all the social affinities that
nature can create between two countries. So much importance to the well-being of the
two nations do we attach to this friendly correspondence, that scarcely any item of news,
connected with the arrival or departure of the ocean steamers, interests us more than the
number of letters carried out or brought back. For whether they appertain to mercenary
commerce, or the " foreign exchanges " of humanity and christian friendship, they are not
only hostages, but emissaries for peace and good will. Let there be proclaimed free trade
and friendship's rights in this matter of international correspondence, until we shall have a
daily arrival from, and departure for, Old England, of a mail-packet, freighted with fifty-
thousand letters, filling the British Realm with American mind.

We have been constrained, with some reluctance, to give in this department communica-
tions somewhat personal to ourself. Nothing but our interest in the cause of peace could
induce us to do this thing. We have thought that this cause might be advanced in this
country by a free correspondence with its friends abroad. Consequently we send about
half | Iomd letters by every steamer to friends of peace in England. The communica-
tions we receive in reply contain much that is interesting to the cause here ; but as they

LETTER FROM JUNIPER HEDGEHOG.

115

are addressed personally to ourself, they abound in personal allusions which we cannot en-
tirely suppress ; although we scarcely ever publish a letter entire, but extract the least
personal part. The printed " Letter of Juniper Hedgehog," written by Punch himself,
a£as, Douglass Jerrold, was first published in his Shilling Magazine. It so completely an-
swers the " Bible argument" for territorial aggrandizement and conquest by Christian
swords, that we comply with the urgent request of some of the friends of peace in both
countries, and publish it both in the Advocate and in the Bond of Brotherhood.

From " Douglass Jerrold's Shilling Magazine, April 1846."
LETTER FROM JUNIPER HEDGEHOG,

To Elihu Burritt, Blacksmith, of Worcester, United States of America.

Friend Burritt, — Whether it was one of your Manchester friends, or
whether, indeed, it was nothing less than a dove from your own Ameri-
can woods that droptone of your Olive Leaves in my cab, — I won't stop
to consider. It's enough that I've read the Leaf again and again, and
can't help thanking you for it. Can't help admiring how that you, "a
poor man not worth a dollar in the world," as you say of yourself, should
be scattering thousands and thousands of these healing Leaves about
America — Leaves in their meaning and intention worth all the laurels
that ever grew out of dead men's graves, made so foul and rank with dead
men's blood.

Your Leaf fell into my hands just after I'd read Mr. Adams's speech
in Congress, where he stands upon the Bible for his right to Oregon, and
would cut throats according to his notion of Genesis ! Foolish old gentle-
man ! he can't have many years' mortal breath in him, and therefore it is
sad to see him puffing and puffing to blow the embers of war into a blaze
— to see him, as I may say, ramming down murderous bullets, and wad-
ding muskets with leaves from the Bible ! But there's a sort of religion
that would sharpen the sword itself on the stone tables of Moses.

However, this is an old trick. There's a good many of these pious
lovers of gunpowder who, somehow or the .other, will insist upon turning
up the regimental uniform with pages of the Bible and Testament. To
make a man particularly the care of Heaven, they think it only necessary
to dress him in red clothes, put a feather in his cap. ball-cartridges in his
cartouche-box, and a musket in his hand. And these folks — they've been
doing it in the House of Commons only a week or two ago — always give
the glory of slaughter to " His Arm that gives all battles ! " And so ac-
cording to these people, the Army of Martyrs should be an army with
forty-two pounders and a rocket brigade. Their Christianity is Christian-
ity humbly firing upon one knee. Their incense fur the altar is not
myrrh and frankincense, but charcoal and saltpetre. Our Sir Robert
Harry Inglis, for instance — who in the House of Commons speaks for
pious Oxford — he was quite delighted that the Governor-General of India
had put so much religion into the bulletin that published the slaughter of
nine thousand Sikhs, as they call 'em. They were all killed — according
to Sir Robert — not by the cold iron of the English infantry, but by a
heavenly host ; the bayonet, in truth, did not do the work ; no, it was the
fiery swords of the angels, and praises were sung to them accordingly. —

HG LETTER FROM JUNIPER HEDGEHOG.

And this is the Christianity of the Gazette ; though I can't find it in the
New Testament.

And, poor Mr. Adams makes a very lame case out of Genesis : some-
how or the other he reads his Bible upside down ; for he declares —

** If our controversy respecting Oregon had been with any other than
a Christian nation, I could not quote from that book', if we were in dis-
pute with the Chinese about the territory it would be a different question.
So it is a different question between us and the savages, who, if anybody
have now the rigl tful occupation of the country ; because they do not be-
lieve the BOOK."

And because Mr. Adams believes " The Book" and the Red Man does
not, he Mr. A. has not scrupled to countenance the wholesale robbery of
the Red Man's lands. Thus, either way — it is the custom with some
very devout people — Mr. Adams makes profit of his Bible ! And thus a
war for Oregon would be no other than a Holy War — a war declared
upon the strength of sacred texts. Christians would blaze away at one
another on the authority of the Scriptures ; with, perhaps, to tickle Mr.
Adams, " Peace on earth, and good-will to men" painted on American
cannon.

And Mr. Adams, friend Elihu, will go to his Bible to settle this matter
of disputed land. Now the first disjute of the sort mentioned in "The
Book" was arranged, certainly not after the fashion of Mr. Adams : for
here's the original " Oregon question" disposed of in Genesis in a manner
quite forgotten by tue Adams of America : —

" And there was a strife between the herdsmen of Abram's cattle and
the herdsmen of Lot's cattle, and the Canaanite and Perezzite dwelled
then in the land.

" And Abram said unto Lot, Let there be no strife, lpray thee, between
me and thee, and between my herdsmen, and thy herdsmen, for we be

brethren:

" Is not the whole land before thee ? separate thyself I pray thee from
me : if thou wilt take the left hand then I will go to the right; or if thou
depart to the right hand then I will go to the left."

And so, Elihu, Gunpowder Adams is answered out of his own Genesis !

But we shall have no fighting for Oregon. Mr. Adams's speech is like
one of the wooden cannon mounted for cheapness by the Dutch ; it looks
warlike and dangerous, but sound it, and there's no true ring of metal in
it — it's only wood thickly painted. Besides, your Olive Leaves — copied
as they are in the American papers, which as you say " enables you to
bring the principles of peace before a million of minds every week," —
your Olive Leaves must go to cool the glory fever, smacking its lips for
blood.

You've been some time known among us Britishers, Elihu, as the
"learned blacksmith ;" but your Olive Leaves are getting for you a still
betti r name. It's a fine thing, no doubt, to get at the heart of a dozen
languages and more — as they say you have done — and so be able to make,
I may say, a speaking acquaintance with the Greeks and the Romans,
and so on ; but it's nobler work to have made yourself " the head of the

LETTER FROM JUNIPER HEDGEHOG.

117

periodical peace publications" of America, and so to preach quiet and
goodness to tens of thousands of men, that otherwise, like bull-dogs,
might be patted on to tear one another to pieces.

It's a fine thing to think of you, Elihu Burritt, Blacksmith. To see
you, working all day — making your anvil ring again with glorious labor
(how I should like just a set of shoes for my mare of your own making),
to see you forging anything but swords and bayonets, — and when that work
is over, to think of you sitting down, with your iron pen in your hand,
working away, to weld men's hearts together — to make the chain of peace,
as your own Red Men say, between America and England, — and to keep
it bright for ever. When I think of this work of yours I'm pretty sure
that your true-hearted countryman Longfellow must have had you in his
brain, when he painted the picture of his blacksmith.

Toiling, — rejoicing,— sorrowing, —

Onward through life he goes ,
Each morning sees some task begun,

Each evening sees it close :
Something attempted, something done,

Has earned a night's repose.

Thanks, Thanks to thee, my worthy friend,

For the lesson thou hast taught !
Thus at the flaming forge of life

Our fortunes must be wrought ;
Thus on its sounding anvil shaped

Each burning deed and thought !

I especially like your fancy that English Plymouth should write to
American Plymouth — Rochester to Rochester — Norwich to Norwich, and
so on. As you prettily say, " it would be more like mothers writing to
their daughters." You are right too, that " every letter thus interchanged,
like a weaver's shuttle, will i-arry across the ocean a silken ligature to
bind two kindred hearts, and through them, two kindred nations." De-
pend upon it, the thinking masses — for odd as it might seem to some Solo-
mons now in their grave, and I may add, odd as it does seem to some
Solomons fast going there, — the masses do begin to think — they are all
against the cruelty, the wicked tom-foolery of war. I've just been read-
ing one of their addresses ; I think the last. Fine, rousing words are in
it, I can tell you ; words that strike upon the heart better than fife and
beaten sheep's-skin. Just to show you that we, too, have our pacific
blacksmiths — our iron-worker3 who, like Elihu Burritt, think it far better
to make hoes and spades than pikes and bayonets, I copy out this little
paragraph, addressed as it is to Americans :

" Working men of America, you are, or should be, the pioneers of free-
dom ; such was the mission bequeathed to you by Washington and his
great brother patriots. That mission you will best fulfil by perfecting
your institutions — by abolishing the slavery of white and black — [Ding this
into the ears of your countrymen, Master Burritt] wages and the whip —
by driving from your legislatures the landlords, usurers, lawyers, soldiers,
and other idlers and swindlers ; by making the veritable people, the
wealth-producers, really 1 sovereign,' and thus establishing a real, instead
of a nominal, Republic. War will not aid, but will prevent you accom-
plishing these reforms."

11

118

LETTER FROM OXFORD, ENG.

And to crown all, you'll have to sow wheat for us, instead of making
gunpowder. Already you have sent maize into the stomachs of the Irish,
— and this is better, isn't it, more profitable too, than riddling them with
bullets ?

And this morning I read in one of the papers a long account of the
pleasant dishes made out of Indian corn, and how they were mightly rel-
ished in Scotland ; a professor — whose name I forget — having written and
lectured on the best way of dressing the grain. More pleasant reading
this, of stomachs comforted and bellies filled by American grain — than
throats cut and bodies slashed by American steel. Such a gazette of the
kitchen is better than twenty gazettes of the War-office. If we must have
war, let it be the new war of prices — the buying cheap and selling dear;
and so no more at present from your friend and admirer,

Juniper Hedgehog.

EXTRACT OP A LETTER FROM OXFORD, ENGLAND.

Mr. Elihu Burritt :

Dear Sir : — * * * * I am sorry to say that the cause of
peace has made but little progress in this city ; perhaps as little as at
any place in England ; many influences are here opposed to it, but I re-
joice that it is making more rapid progress in other places. Since God
has made of one blood all nations to dwell upon the face of the earth, it
is high time peace principles did prevail, and that men of divers nations
began to look upon each other as brethren, instead of killing each other
and making the Apocalyptic Harlot drunken with the blood of their slain.
" By her sorceries are all nations deceived ; in her was found, the Scrip-
ture saith, the blood of prophets and of saints and of all that were slain
upon the earth." (Rev. 18 ch. 23, 24.) I have often been struck with the
expressions contained in these verses, and other portions of this and the
preceding chapter, and find a difficulty in limiting them (as most com-
mentators do,) to any particular system of civil and ecclesiastical polity.
They must, I think, be applicable to something by which all ever have
been, and still continue to be deceived, (although they may have cast off,
or never have been subject to the thraldom of Home:) and which may
be briefly comprehended in the word lust, the corruption or perversion of,
and antipodes to, love ; for all war, persecution, slavery, and despotism,
both h cular and spiritual, of which these chapters treat, may be traced
to this source. It has, I conceive, been fed or supported by the war spirit,
and all these things follow in the train. And have not men uttered blas-
phemies when they have professed to go to war in the name and cause of

LETTER FROM OXFORD, ENG. 119

the true God, imputing their conquests to Him ; their real motive having
been lust, in some disguise or other, either of dominion, ambition, envy,
or revenge; all of which are opposed to His will, for " God is love."

* Let warriors tremble, when they dare
To take thine awful name in vain,
And say that thou, Great God ! wast there,
Strengthening their arms to kill the slain I"
M That from thy throne thou lookedst down
With joy upon the murderer's blade ;
And cheered them on, to seek renown
By slaughtering men whom thou hast made."
" 0 ! Blasphemy ! most dark— profound, —
Could but an Angel from above
Descend to cast his glance around,
And answer 1 No !' for 1 God is love.' "

From what I have already written, you will at least perceive that lam
one in heart with you upon the subject of Peace. I rejoice, therefore,
in your " Appeal to the Ministers of Jesus Christ in Great Britain and
the United States." May the Holy Spirit send it with power to their
hearts, that the watchman of Zion may awake and give their King no rest
until he " establish Jerusalem a praise in the earth ;" until "the wolf and
the lamb feed together and the leopard lie down with the kid." I have
long been of opinion that ministers of the Gospel have been lamentably
deficient upon this subject ; many of them, I fear, have shunned to de-
clare the whole counsel of God ; have failed fully to propound the glad
mission of eternal peace, and universal brotherhood, and by such means
to endeavor to put down all need of armies in the world ; and if they
have touched upon it at all, in many cases, I fear, it has not been without
compromise to the prevailing opinions in the world with reference to war;
without truckling to expediency, or considering whether it might not on
some occasions be lawful for a christian man to draw the sword.

Where the civil sceptre is allowed to rule in spiritual things and
the church of God is placed under secular control, we need no
wonder at the minister's keeping silence, because the decrees of
Cesar with regard to war, are opposed to the commands of Christ, and
they cannot serve two masters ; but that those who are out of the tram-
mels of an establishment, and who profess to be Ministers of the Prince
of Peace, should be silent, upon this momentous question, to me appears
to be as great an anomaly as for Americans to call their country the land
of liberty, while they break not the fetters of the slave. Should the
Ministers still hold their peace, the savage sons of long benighted Africa
will rise up in judgment against them upon this question. You have heard
of Africaner, once the terror and the scourge of the tribes of Southern

120 LETTER FROM OXFORD, ENG.

Africa, but receiving the gospel through the instrumentality of our inde-
fatigable missionary, Mr. Moffat, he at once perceived that deeds of blood
were not for christian men, and not only forsook the same but went and
taught men so. This I heard from the lips of Mr. Moffat himself, when
in England ; and I believe many hundreds of our Ministers who profess
to teach us, heard the same, for he went from place to place declaring it :
and yet of the majority of them, it is to be feared, it may yet be said,
their opinions are undefined and they are reluctant boldly to declare that
all fighting is a sin. But is it less a sin for civilized nations than for
savages to fight ? Quite the reverse, and no language is sufficiently
strong in which to denounce the sin of two such nations as England and
America going to war, enjoying as they do, the light of revelation. What
scenes would have to be described under such a war ! What true Chris-
tian is there whose heart does not sicken at the thought of our late do-
ings in India and China ? Though for the present we appear to prosper,
unless we as a nation repent, I believe God will ultimately require the
blood we have shed at our hands. We are now flushed with victory and
drunken with the blood of the slain, with the wages of iniquity in our
hands, which we have wrested from a comparatively inoffensive and de-
fenceless people, the Chinese. " Having driven whole masses of them into
their narrow streets, we then brought cannon and mowed them down by
wholesale." " When we got possession of Chinhae, we found many had
destroyed themselves in various ways ; fathers having murdered their
own families, and then killed themselves lest they should fall into our
hands," &c. &c. " Thus we conquered them." " Then we demanded
from them fifteen hundred thousand pounds, and made them promise to
pay twice as much more and took part of their country." And our do-
ings in India have been of a like nature. And yet the Ministers of our
Established Church have been thanking God for such conquests ! But
though like the Harlot we may thus wipe the mouth and say we have
done no wickedness, in my opinion, we have contracted guilt of a crimson
dye and sin as black as that of the midnight assassin, who in his lust of
gold, slays his victim and then returns to his den and carouses over the
spoil. The sanction of human custom does not lessen the crime. Where
does He whom we profess to follow, give countenance to such extortion,
such wholesale robbery, such deeds of murder and of blood !

I hope your Appeal to Ministers will be responded to in each nation,
and that they will make their voices heard through the length and breadth
of each land, denouncing war, and publishing peace ; and not let the echo
of that anthem " Peace on earth, &c," " go up to heaven from the lips of
men of commerce" only. It is a cry in which all men may well unite,

121

and if responded to by all, would accomplish both the political and reli-
gious regeneration of the world. — Alas ! that mankind should have suf-
fered eighteen hundred years to have rolled away since that anthem was
sung, and by their mutual jealousies and restrictive laws, to have retard-
ed so great a blessing ! I hope our statesmen are now growing wiser.
The adoption of free trade principles will do much to promote it.

I long to see the day when Old England's wooden walls, shall be waft-
ed to the ends of the earth, not to lay waste and to destroy, but for a
nobler purpose. When the death's head and cross bones shall be supersed-
ed by the olive branch, and Britian's gallant tars, (instead of being the
scourges of the human race) shall be hailed in every land as the messen-
gers of 'peace. — I conclude with the earnest prayer that the most High
may long spare your valuable life, to be devoted to the promotion of so
good a cause ; and with all deference,

Remain, yours

Very faithfully, J. I. EL

Oxford, April 2d, 1846.

FRIENDLY INTERNATIONAL ADDRESSES.

Since the last number of the Advocate, we have received several communications from
abroad, adverting, in terms of earnest gratulation, to the progress and influence of this
interesting social movement. The following letter from our three friends in Manchester,
indicates the interest elicited in England by these " Friendly International Addresses."

Manchester, 2d of \th month, 1846.

Esteemed Friend Elihu Burritt,

Rejoice with us, for we have found that which was lost, or if not lost, at
least hidden ; we mean the energies of the friends of Peace in the United
States. Our eyes have seen, our ears have heard, and our hearts have
been gladdened with your noble responses.

You tell us that the " vast aggregate of morai worth is beginning to be
called into action ;" we are rejoiced that it is so : we never doubted its
existence. It appeared to us to be lying dormant, and our object in the
promotion of Friendly International Addresses was to " elicit a proof that
it really did exist," at a time when, both for your sakes and ours, the call
upon the friends of Peace in your country was so very urgent. We have
indeed had our reward. You have declared to the World that overtures
of peace are " more powerful than brute force," and that " without the
most deplorable obstinancy and blackest guilt on the part of one or both,
a war is imposible." — We cordially unite in these sentiments and look
upon them as a pledge of confirmed peace and closer amity.

Thy letter of the 26th of 2d month reached us on the loth alt It re-
ceived if possible a more cordial welcome than its predecessor. We has-
tened to gladden other hearts as well as our own with its cheerin^ news
11*

v

122 FRIENDLY INTERNATIONAL ADDRESSES.

and glowing sentiments. We multiplied it a thousand fold, and scattered
it through the length and breadth of the land. The effects of it will be
felt far and wide ; as a proof of which, we transmit thee a copy of a letter
from, we suppose, a new correspondent, but a name well known to fame
on both sides of the Atlantic. Douglass Jerrold is a zealous friend of
peace. And though the letter speaks of the " Learned Blacksmith" in
terms which might induce thee to hesitate circulating such an epistle, yet
we trust that thou wilt not permit the cause of peace to suffer loss by
allowing any feeling of this nature to prevent thee making it into one of
thy "Olive Leaves," or in some way "distilling it in dew-drops over the
United States." If thou canst not do it thyself, others must do it for
thee.

The 2d Edition of our pamphlet on Friendly International addresses
will explain the progress we have been making in the movement. We
are still keeping the subject before the public, and the support we con-
tinue to receive from our Press is very encouraging. The response from
the New England Plymouth appeared in the City article of the London
Times of the 27th ult., thus bringing the subject of Friendly Internation-
al Addresses before the whole commercial world, indeed carrying it to
the very ends of the earth.

We have not yet received the original of the New York address, but
we have circulated printed copies of it, and our Merchants and Manufac-
turers will be prepared to give it a hearty welcome when it arrives. — (See
Postscript.)

It will indeed be a blessed thing, as thou hast so aptly observed, if the
small War-cloud which has been hovering over the two countries shall be
the means of bringing the friends of Peace into an enthusiastic union
against the common destroyer. And if in any way, the hint of Friendly In-
ternational Addresses has served to promote this glorious end, we desire
to be thankful to the Author of all good.

We have spread abroad thy challenge to meet Uncle John Bull in the
field of friendship; we hope he will accept it. For ourselves we can
only say, that feeble as we are and feel onrselves to be, our consolation
is, that to use thy own sentiments, the victor and the vanquished are alike
triumphant. We should be glad to see levelled to the ground the ram-
parts of prejudice in both countries.

We feel with thee, the difficulty which the restriction on international
postage impose on us, and we have handed thy suggestions to one of our
Newspaper Editors, who will take up the matter shortly.

And now, dear friend, we must conclude ; we have not said half of
what is in our hearts, in truth we can not. We could talk with thee over
thy hearth, or our hearth, but we cannot make time to write just now. —
We feel overwhelmed with the kindness of our friends in Worcester, Bos-
ton, New York, and we suppose all over America, and we have more let-
ters to write than we have fingers to write with. When we first proposed
the Friendly International Addresses, we knew little of thee, or of the
flames of love which have been kindled on thy glowing hearth, and we
little dreamt that our message would so soon enter the hearts of our Ameri-
can brethren from the Rocky Mountains to Texas. In fact we do not

FRIENDLY INTERNATIONAL ADDRESSES. 123

feel competent to the task we have undertaken. But in the Bonds of
Universal Peace and Brotherhood,

We cordially subscribe ourselves,

Thy sincere friends,

Joseph Crosfield,
George Bradshaw,
Wjl A. Cunningham.

P. S. Since writing the above, we have received the New York Re-
sponsive Address. We hope to have it published in our papers in time
for the Steamer to Boston, but of this we are not quite certain. The ad-
dress has been in our town some days, but the party to whom it was for-
warded has been out of town. We enclose a printed copy of a Friendly
Address from Margate in the County of Kent ; the original is sent by
this packet to New York, and one from Rochdale, in the county of Lan-
caster, to the citizens of Boston, which also goes by this Packet.

The New York Response.

" To the Friends of Peace throughout the British Realm : and especially
those in Manchester, Boston, Huddersfield, Plymouth, and other places,
who have issued 'Friendly Addresses' to the People of the United
States,

The undersigned, merchants and other inhabitants of the city of New
York, earnestly desiring the preservation of peace between the two coun-
tries, are the more encouraged to expect it, when they find the hearts of
so many in the father-land beating in unison with their own. No tri-
umphs of brute force over moral right ever did or can command our ad-
miration as do these peaceful overtures, coming from a nation so power-
ful as England, and so well prepared for a conflict of arms ; and none
we are sure were ever so approved by the Prince of Peace. The ef-
fect of these "Friendly Addresses " upon the public mind in this coun-
try will be eminently favorable ; and will do much to promote that
hearty good will which ought ever to prevail between nations bound to-
gether by so many sacred ties. Go on then, respected friends, in your
labor of love and mercy. Tell your people that our noisiest men are not
the best exponents of the national sentiment towards Great Britain, or
in regard to war. Tell them that in the nation at large there is a vast
aggregate of moral worth, which, when called into action, as it is begin-
ning to be, by the threatened calamities of a causeless and unnecessary
war, will assuredly repress ambition, or turn it into a more peaceful chan-
nel. Tell them that this effect is already visible to a most gratifying
extent, not only in our maritime cities, but throughout the land ; and that
it has been aided by the relaxation of the restrictive features of your
commercial policy.

A war of concession, compromise, mutual forbearance and good fel-
lowship, resulting, a3 it necessarily must, in increasing trade, intellectual
advancement, and progress in every thing truly great and good, is the
only war which we wish to see waged between the two nations.

124

FRIENDLY INTERNATIONAL ADDRESSES.

As to Oregon, — although from comparative proximity, we naturally
desire our proper share of that extensive territory, yet we will gladly
concur [and we believe such is the general voice of the nation] in any
fair measures of compromise or reference, which the two governments
may see fit to adopt, for the peaceful adjustment of the question. It is
clearly one which ought not, under any circumstances, to breed a war
between the two countries ; and we hold that without the most deplora-
ble obstinacy and the blackest guilt, on the part of one or both of the
claimants, such an issue is impossible. As a matter of profit and loss,
it would be infinitely better that " the whole of Oregon " should sink to
the bottom of the ocean, than that two such nations as Great Britain and
the United States should go to war about it, to the disgrace of civiliza-
tion, Christianity, and rational freedom.

With a firm belief in the pacific disposition of both Governments, and
that they will yet be enabled to settle the controversy in a manner at
once just and honorable to all concerned, we look forward with hope to
the future, and in the meantime beg leave to subscribe ourselves your
friends and well-wishers."

[Signed by 400 most respectable and influential citizens.]

The Response of New England's Boston
to Old England's Boston.

Boston, April 9, 1846.

We are directed by the City Council of Boston, in Massachusetts, to ac-
knowledge, on behalf of its citizens, the receipt of the letter addressed to
them by the citizens of Boston, in Lincolnshire, dated Jan. 27, 1846. To
the friendly sentiments which it expresses, we return a cordial response.
Feeling as we do a strong interest in a land whose language we speak,
whose books we read, and whose laws and institutions have furnished the
models upon which our own were shaped, we acknowledge with peculiar
force the ties of sympathy which bind us to your city of Boston, We
have borrowed from you a name which is inexpressibly dear to our
hearts ; and when we hear it in a foreign land, it invests the spot, which
bears it, with something of the sacred character of home.

We subscribe to the sentiments expressed in your letter upon the sub-
ject of war. We believe it to be an evil, the extent and magnitude of
which can hardly be overstated. It accumulates upon humanity all pos-
sible forms of suffering and privation. It surrenders large masses of men
to the dominion of those passions from which education and Christianity
are ever struggling to set them free. It exposes the weak and unpro-
tected to brutal violence and cruel wrong. That it is injurious to the
matei lal prosperity of States, that it puts back the hands upon the dial-
plate of Time, that it undoes in weeks and days the work of years and gen-
erations, is a great evil of war, but not the greatest. A worse feature in it is,
that it wounds the le.nderest affections of the human heart, that it strips fami-
lies of their stays and protectors, that it reverses the order of Nature,
forcing fathers to bury their sons, and the aged to mourn over the un-
timely graves of the young. And worse even than these are the demor-

FRIENDLY INTERNATIONAL ADDRESSES.

125

alizing consequences of war. It legalizes piracy, under the form of priva-
teering. It leads to systematic deceptions and deliberate evasions of law
highly injurious to the moral sense of all who engage in them. It fills the
minds of the young with false notions of honor and glory. We look upon
war as peculiarly opposed to the spirit of Christianity. We believe that
it must long ago have ceased among Christian nations, were it not that
men so constantly dishonor in their lives, those truths to which they as-
sent with their lips.

We believe, too, that as a general rule, war is one of the greatest of
evils. We subscribe the well known sentiment of one of your own
poets —

" War is a game, which, -were their subjects wise,
Kings would not play at."

As a means for the adjustment of controversies, we regard it as wholly
unreasonable, since it submits to the arbitration of force that which is
purely a question of right, and makes the stronger arm triumph over the
juster claim. Of all the many wars which darken the pages of history,
how few there are which might not have been averted by mutual forbear-
ance, patience and self-sacrifice ; by those virtues which Christianity en-
joins, and even self-interest exacts from individuals in the ordinary rela-
tions of life.

Cherishing, as we do, these views, we need not say that our influence
will be exerted in favor of a peaceful adjustment of our present contro-
versy with Great Britain. It is alike our interest and our duty to do
this. Indeed, we apprehend none other than a peaceful termination of
our present causes of difference. We feel confident that there is too much
of good sense and correct feeling in both countries to allow of any other
result. Should the future prove us to be mistaken in this anticipation, it
can only be on account of the wickedness of the few and the apathy of
the many.

We have the honor to be,
With sincere respect,

Your friends and obedient servants,
Josiah Quincy, Jr.
Mayor of the City of Boston in New England.
George S. Hillard,

President of the Common Council.

The Caledonia brought over two more Addresses — one from Rochdale,
the other from Margate, England.

The Ministers, Magistrates, Manufacturers, Merchants, and other Inhabi-
tants of Rochdale, Lancashire, to the Citizens of Boston, and through
them, to the Citizens of the United States of North America.
Friends and Fellow Citizens,

With deep solicitude and unfeigned regret, have we contemplated the
hostile sentiments expressed by some, on either side of the Atlantic, in
reference to the Oregon question, and the possible rupture of those amica-
ble relations which have so long and advantageously existed between Eng-

120 FRIENDLY INTERNATIONAL ADDRESSES.

land and America. Fain would we take a part, with all the lovers of
peace and good order, in endeavoring to allay the feelings of jealous dis-
cord, and to avert the disastrous issue to which they tend.

Regarding war, in any instance, as a calamity deeply to be deplored,
we especially deprecate it in the present case, as tending to stay the pro-
gress of civilization and liberty throughout the world, and to darken the
prospects and blight the interests of universal man.

But there are other considerations, more nearly affecting us in com-
mon, and which tend to strengthen the desires for continued and perma-
nent peace. Our mercantile interests are largely involved, and by their
wanton sacrifice, at the shrine of a sanguinary and brutal violence, not
only will industry be restricted, and the spirit of enterprise checked, but
the comforts of our several houses be embittered and abridged. Besides,
are we not one in national descent ? Are we not united by the ties of a
common brotherhood ? Do we not sympathize in the same great objects
of scientific, literary and philanthropic pursuits ? Do we not offer our de-
votions to the Father of spirits in one and the same language ? Do we
not alike recognize our obligations to imitate Him whose course through
this world wTas signalized by the triumphs of mercy, and who came, 1 not
to destroy men's lives, but to save them ?'

Shall then all these ties of interest and pleasurable union be ruthlessly
broken? shall our pecuniary resources be wasted, — shall the ties of do-
mestic life be violated, — shall our common humanity be outraged, — shall
the brave and loving hearts of our countrymen and friends pour forth
their vital tides, — and, above all, shall the laws of our beneficent Creator
be dishonored, for the sake of any amount of territory ? Surely that
were to purchase it at too high a price. Let us rather cherish the spirit
of mutual forbearance and concession ; and unite in earnest and ceaseless
endeavors to frustrate the designs of ambitious and reckless minds, and
to promote the continuance of international harmony and good-will.

May the ' Giver of concord' dispose the hearts of all governments and
nations to gentleness and goodness, and render our respective countries,
the home of permanent prosperity and peace.

Signed by 231 Inhabitants of Rochdale.

Address from the Undersigned Inhabitants of the Town of Margate, in
the County of Kent, Old England, to the Citizens of New York, and
the Inhabitants of the United States of America:

Friends,

It is our earnest desire that nothing may be allowed to interrupt those
amicable relations, which under the divine blessing, have for so many
years subsisted between your country and our own. There being at
the present moment, the rumor of a possible breach of these friendly
relations, we beg of you to assist us in endeavoring to dispel even a sur-
mise so baneful in its present consequences, and calculated to lead to still
more disastrous results.

You and we have a common ancestry ; our ties are such, that should
wai }, men must on either side be hired to slay their own rela-
tive-'

PEACE MOVEMENTS ABROAD AND AT HOME. 127

We desire to acknowledge our dependence for all we enjoy on the
bounty of a kind Providence, who has beneficently designed that the
varying products of the earth should be freely borne from the shores of
one nation to those of another. We therefore congratulate you, and
ourselves on the early prospect of a still closer bond of commercial union
between these two great nations.

We beg of you, to unite with us in recording a solemn testimony, that
our differences ought to be settled by reason, not by arms ; that arbitra-

d0n h°k C^rC,0f'- ShTld be the final resort 5 that the P™> the sword,
should be the arbiter between us.

May the great family of man become closely united in christian fel-
lowship-then will commerce hold on its uninterrupted course, and war
with all its horrors be banished from the earth.

MA^ecHinf846°Ur h6allh prosperit^ we are y°uv Fiends.

PEACE MOVEMENTS ABROAD.

The readers of the Advocate will learn from the correspondence published in the depart-
me t of Umversal Brotherhood, some particulars with regard to the progress of the cauVe
of Peace m England. By the recent arrival of a steamer, cheering intelligence has been

enrol the M.ht.a by ballot. The Cambria brought over several - Friendly Addresses^ from
vanons towns m England, to the people of ,„is eountry ; from Southampton to Z cbmT
Bu y , Lancash.re, to P.ttsburgh , Young Men of Bristol to the Young Men of Nevr York •'
Antt-Uar Assoe.at.on of Bristol to the citizens of Washington ; Birmingham to ^hl People
of the Umted State, , the Sunday School Teachers of Manchester District, to Americ n S
S. Teachers ; the Fraternal Democrats, embracing natives of all the Couth ,1, p
to the IT-totOta- of Great Britiau and theWs^ S^^^ZZ
were announced as being prepared to forward to this country. Addiesse,

PEACE MOVEMENTS AT HOME.

■JjT^T*"'"0'' FlT0HBD1!G- The Worcester County Peace Society held it*
first Quarterly meeting at Fitchburg on Friday, April 17th, at 10 o'clock A M The Jb
cers present were Amasa Walker, Esq. President- Eiilm H„rri» r , ffl"
«*, and Julius L. Clarke, EecordTg Sw gt^StZ ^

the meetmg was thinly attended, but was one of deep interest AnLaf d o 'rf ■ 7
dresses were made by Messrs. Amasa Walker, of North
ter; J. P. Blanchard, of Boston; Eev. EInathan Davis A-ent of 1 T
Messrs. Bristol and Eemington, of Fitchburg ; Rev. Mr sTe o r , ^ ^

tiESr*?1"* Wh°TOhnitari,y «* ™<lersta'udi„g,y pr„mote war

128

PEACE MOVEMENTS AT HOME.

Considerable interest was elicited in the cause of peace by this Convention, and manv of
the citizens of Fitchburg manifested much sympathy with its principles.

Amasa Walker, Esq, addressed the people of Gardner three times on Sunday, April
19th, in Eev. Mr. Stone's church. Those who heard him, we doubt not, were convinced
that the sublimest doctrines of the Gospel are those which teach us love to God and man >
principles that lie at the foundation of the peace cause, and for whose utterance and exer-
cise the sabbath was made.

" The Bonds of Brotherhood." We anticipate much from putting all the railroads
and steamboat lines under these " Bonds to keep the peace." Being filled with a spicy
variety of facts, arguments, and illustrations relating to Peace and War, they are more
happily adapted to the gratuitous distribution than mere Tracts. We have made arrange-
ments for their distribution at Syracuse, and Cleveland, two important centres and
points of travel. We have forwarded to each of those places 1000 copies of each of the
two first numbers, at our own expense. An earnest friend of peace has been raised up in
Cleveland— the Eev. J. W. Walker — who in a letter recently received, says he has com-
menced lecturing on the subject in the open air. We have in addition to the " Bonds,"
forwarded to him a barrel of old Peace publications for gratuitous distribution on board of
the steamboats that touch at that place. Eev. S. J. May, a long and well tried veteran of
the peace band, has in the most cordial manner, promised to supervise the distribution of
the Bonds in the cars and canal-boats that pass through Syracuse ; so that a gulf stream of
locomotive mind will receive and carry to different parts of the Union, a slight infusion of
peace principles. We distribute in the cars that pass through Worcester, about 1000 of
these missiles a week. At Fitchburg, also, they are to be put into the hands of all the
passengers on the railroad between that place and Boston. We hope> during the month of
May, to extend this system to railroads farther south.

Eev. E. Davis, Agent of the American and Worcester County Peace Societies, writes :
During the month of April I visited Eoyalston, South Eoyalston, Winchendon and Ash-
burnham, and lectured 9 or 10 times to audiences that seemed deeply interested in the
question of peace. Let the question be fully presented to the people of N. England, and
they will take a strong position against war under any and all circumstances.

At the meeting of the Worcester Central Association of ministers held at Berlin on the
first Tuesday in the present month, I presented the subject briefly to that influential body,
whereupon the following action was taken.

" The Committee on the subject of peace, submitted the followiug Eesolution, which
was adopted —

Resolved — That as men and as Ministers of the Gospel, we heartily approve of the great
object and aim of the Am. Peace Society, viz. the abolition of war throughout the World :
— that we commend that Society, and its auxiliaries, to the favorable regard and efficient
aid of the Churches and Societies within our bounds; that we rejoice at the growing sen-
timent against the crime and scourge of Avar, and especially at the moral stand taken at
the present crisis, in this country and in Europe, to preserve the threatened harmony of
kindred nations, and that we hail this emphasis of christian sentiment, and the listening to
it of so many, as new and peaceful proof that right sentiments rightly expressed, and
earnestly urged in such an age as the present, may in the good Providence of God be ex-
pected to meet with speedy encouragement and ultimate success."

S. G. Buckingham,
Sec. pro tem. of the Worcester Central Association.

AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY.

The Depository of the American Peace Society is at No. 21, Court Square, Boston. The
Advocate of Peace, and a variety of other peace publications, may always be obtained
there. J. P. Blanciiard,

Treasurer and Stationary Agent.

\

ELIS BINDERY INC.
ALTHAM, MASS.
Ju.tf 1958